¿Qué es la Miopía?

La Miopia, también denominada vista corta es una condición donde la luz atraviesa el ojo y enfocandose por delante de la retina. Esto hace que la imagen lejana aparezca fuera de foco y una imagen cercana en foco. Los oftalmólogos tratan la miopía con el uso de lentes correctivos como los anteojos o lentes de contacto. También se puede realizar una cirugía refractiva para solucionar la miopía de manera permanente.

Clasificación de la Miopía

La miopía puede clasificarse por su tamaño.

Leve: una miopía usualmente de -3.00 dioptrías o menos

Moderada: una miopía entre -3.00 y -6.00 dioptrías

Severa: una miopía mayor a -6.00 dioptrías.

Signos y Síntomas

La miopía se presenta con visión lejana borrosa pero excelente visión cercana. Al examen ocular se observan nervios ópticos inclinados, hiperpigmentacion de la retina.

Tratamiento

Los anteojos o lentes de contacto y cirugía refractiva son las opciones para tratar los síntomas visuales de la miopía. Sin embargo, la cirugia refractiva con excimer laser o lente faquico es la unica alternativa de correccion permanente.

La cirugía refractiva se recomienda después de la 18 anos de edad cuando se asegure la estabilidad de la miopía, ya que la cirugía corregira la miopía actual no la futura. El tipo de cirugía refractiva dependerá del grado de miopía y las características individuales de cada persona. Para aprender sobres las opciones de cirugía haz clic en los siguientes links:

Cirugia FemtoLASIK
Cirugia de Lente Faquico

Myopia, commonly known as being nearsighted or shortsighted is a condition of the eye where the light that comes in does not directly focus on the retina but in front of it. This causes the image that one sees when looking at a distant object to be out of focus, but in focus when looking at a close object. Eye care professionals most commonly correct myopia through the use of corrective lenses such eyeglasses or contact lenses. It may also be corrected by refractive surgery. The corrective lenses have a negative optical power, which compensates for the excessive positive diopters of the myopic eye.

Signs and symptoms
 
Myopia presents with blurry distance vision, but generally gives good near vision. In high myopia, even near vision is affected as objects must be extremely close to the eyes to see clearly, and patients cannot read without their glasses prescribed for distance. On fundoscopic examination of the eye, the optic nerve appears to be tilted and an area of white sclera could be seen on next to the disc with a line of hyperpigmentation separating this area from normal retina. The macula will have some retinal pigmentary changes and sometimes will have subretinal hemorrhages. The retina in myopic patients is thin and thorough evaluation of the periphery might show retinal holes and lattice degeneration. In addition, myopic patients might develop choroidal neovascularization in the macula.

Treatment
 
Eyeglasses, contact lenses and refractive surgery the primary options to treat the visual symptoms of those with myopia. Refractive surgery encompasses either excimer laser surgery or phakic lens implantation surgery (ICL). Glasses work by using optical lenses bringing the image a viewer closer so that it can be focused by their myopic eyes. Changes in eyeglass prescription are common in children and adolescents. The change in eye size tends to stabilize around 18 years of age. Refractive surgery is recommended in patients over the age of 18 years when prescription stability has been demonstrated. The type of refractive surgery will depend on the amount of myopia and the individual characteristics of the eye. To learn more on theses procedures please click on the following links:
 
LASIK Surgery
Phakic Lens Implantation Surgery